Flutter-Projektkonventionen

Flutter & Dart

Build maintainable, 60/120fps Flutter applications with layered architecture, fine-grained widget rebuilds, sound null safety and idiomatic Dart.

1. Layered architecture and state management

• Follow the repository's single state-management pattern (Riverpod, Bloc/Cubit, Provider or ChangeNotifier + ViewModel)—never introduce a second competing state library.
• Separate UI and business logic:
  • UI layer (Screens & Widgets): renders immutable state, handles layout/animations, and dispatches user intents. Keep build() pure, synchronous and free of side effects or network calls.
  • Logic layer (Notifiers / Blocs / ViewModels): coordinates screen state (AsyncValue / sealed state classes), form validation and optimistic updates.
  • Data layer (Repositories & Services): encapsulates HTTP clients (dio / http), local databases (drift / sqflite), secure storage (flutter_secure_storage) and platform channels.
• Narrow rebuild scope:
  • Extract reusable StatelessWidget / ConsumerWidget classes rather than helper methods returning Widget so Flutter's element tree short-circuits rebuilds.
  • Use const constructors everywhere possible and subscribe narrowly (ref.watch(provider.select((s) => s.field)), BlocSelector, context.select).

2. Navigation, predictive back and lifecycle

• Declarative routing (go_router / Navigator 2.0):
  • Pass compact path/query parameters (state.pathParameters['id']) rather than non-serializable extra objects so routes survive deep links and state restoration.
  • Centralize auth redirects using GoRouter(redirect: ..., refreshListenable: authRepository) and use context.go() when replacing the navigation stack (post-login, post-checkout) vs context.push() for drill-down screens.
• Android 14+ predictive back & pop interception:
  • Use PopScope<T>(canPop: !hasUnsavedChanges, onPopInvokedWithResult: (didPop, result) async { if (didPop) return; ... }) instead of the deprecated WillPopScope or onPopInvoked.
• Lifecycle & controller cleanup:
  • Use AppLifecycleListener (or WidgetsBindingObserver) to pause cameras/timers/streams on onPause / onInactive and refresh on onResume.
  • Always dispose TextEditingController, FocusNode, ScrollController, AnimationController and StreamSubscription in dispose().

3. Async safety, Isolates and code generation

• Async context safety: never create a Future or Stream inside build(). After any await in a widget or stateful callback, check if (!context.mounted) return; before calling Navigator, ScaffoldMessenger or Theme.of(context).
• Offload heavy CPU work to Isolates: run heavy JSON parsing, encryption or image processing via await Isolate.run(() => ...) or compute(). When calling platform plugins from a background isolate, initialize the messenger first with BackgroundIsolateBinaryMessenger.ensureInitialized(rootIsolateToken).
• Codegen & models: model domain data and union states with Dart 3 sealed class / pattern matching or @freezed + @JsonSerializable. Never hand-edit .g.dart or .freezed.dart files—run dart run build_runner build --delete-conflicting-outputs.

4. Scrolling, adaptive layout and platform channels

• Use ListView.builder, ListView.separated or CustomScrollView with SliverList.builder for dynamic lists; set itemExtent or prototypeItem when item heights are uniform.
• Build responsive layouts with LayoutBuilder, MediaQuery.sizeOf(context) and SafeArea (avoiding MediaQuery.of(context) when only size or padding is needed, so keyboard animations do not rebuild unrelated subtrees).
• Prefer type-safe Pigeon (@HostApi(), @FlutterApi()) or well-structured MethodChannel wrappers that catch PlatformException and MissingPluginException.

5. Verification

• Run flutter analyze, dart format --output=none --set-exit-if-changed, unit tests and widget tests (testWidgets, pumpWidget, pumpAndSettle).

Before you finish

• Widgets use const constructors, narrow selectors and proper dispose() cleanup.
• context.mounted checked after every await; no Future/Stream created in build().
• PopScope (onPopInvokedWithResult) and go_router auth/deep-link rules respected.
• Codegen updated, flutter analyze clean, and flutter test passes.