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Authorization Verification

When to Use

Use when writing tests for or reviewing any role, permission, ownership rule, field mask, delegation grant, or approval workflow.

Combinatorial Policy Test Matrix

A test that only verifies admin can perform an action and guest gets 403 leaves the actual business rules untested. Derive test cases systematically from the cartesian boundary of (Actor Role & Relationship) × (Resource State & Value) × (Operation):

1. Required Positive & Negative Test Cases

For every protected operation, assert both authorized allow and unauthorized deny across:

1. Role & Ownership Boundaries:
   • Resource owner vs. non-owner peer in the same department.
   • Department/team manager of the owner vs. manager of a different department.
   • Read-only viewer/auditor vs. active editor.
   • Cross-tenant user (member of Workspace B targeting a resource in Workspace A $\rightarrow$ must return 404 without leaking existence).
2. Resource Lifecycle State Boundaries:
   • Action allowed in draft state (edit, delete) $\rightarrow$ must be denied once the resource transitions to submitted, approved, fulfilled, or locked.
3. Threshold & Separation-of-Duties (SoD) Boundaries:
   • Value just below threshold (9,999.99) vs. at/above threshold (10,000.00).
   • Self-Approval Attempt: The creator/requester of a request (even if they hold a manager or approver role!) attempts to approve their own request $\rightarrow$ must be denied.
4. Tampered / Stale Approval & TOCTOU Attempts:
   • Modify a critical parameter (price, discount, recipient, bank account, quantity) on a request after it was approved, or submit an approval against a stale version / payload hash $\rightarrow$ must invalidate the approval or reject the commit.

2. Verify Side-Channel & Collection Enforcement

• List, Search, Count & Export Parity:
  • Seed 3 records: one owned by the actor, one in another department (forbidden), and one in another tenant (forbidden).
  • Assert that list, search, count/aggregate, and export return only the 1 permitted record and do not leak the existence or field values of the forbidden records in error messages or facet counts.
• Field-Level Redaction & Mass-Assignment Protection:
  • Assert that restricted fields (cost_price, internal_margin, ssn, approver_notes, role, status) are omitted from JSON responses for unauthorized roles and rejected/ignored when injected into POST/PATCH payloads.
• Delegation & Revocation Expiry:
  • Advance the test clock past expires_at (or revoke the grant/role) and assert that immediate subsequent calls and queued delayed actions are rejected.